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Integrating Biological-Informed Recurrent Neural Networks for Glucose-Insulin Dynamics Modeling

Published: March 24, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2503.19158v2

By: Stefano De Carli , Nicola Licini , Davide Previtali and more

Potential Business Impact:

Helps artificial pancreases better control blood sugar.

Business Areas:
Intelligent Systems Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Science and Engineering

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) management is a complex task due to many variability factors. Artificial Pancreas (AP) systems have alleviated patient burden by automating insulin delivery through advanced control algorithms. However, the effectiveness of these systems depends on accurate modeling of glucose-insulin dynamics, which traditional mathematical models often fail to capture due to their inability to adapt to patient-specific variations. This study introduces a Biological-Informed Recurrent Neural Network (BIRNN) framework to address these limitations. The BIRNN leverages a Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) architecture augmented with physics-informed loss functions that embed physiological constraints, ensuring a balance between predictive accuracy and consistency with biological principles. The framework is validated using the commercial UVA/Padova simulator, outperforming traditional linear models in glucose prediction accuracy and reconstruction of unmeasured states, even under circadian variations in insulin sensitivity. The results demonstrate the potential of BIRNN for personalized glucose regulation and future adaptive control strategies in AP systems.

Country of Origin
🇮🇹 Italy

Page Count
7 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Machine Learning (CS)