Balancing Costs and Utilities in Future Networks via Market Equilibrium with Externalities

We study the problem of market equilibrium (ME) in future wireless networks, with multiple actors competing and negotiating for a pool of heterogeneous resources (communication and computing) while meeting constraints in terms of global cost. The latter is defined in a general way but is associated with energy and/or carbon emissions. In this direction, service providers competing for network resources do not acquire the latter, but rather the right to consume, given externally defined policies and regulations. We propose to apply the Fisher market model, and prove its convergence towards an equilibrium between utilities, regulatory constraints, and individual budgets. The model is then applied to an exemplary use case of access network, edge computing, and cloud resources, and numerical results assess the theoretical findings of convergence, under different assumptions on the utility function and more or less stringent constraints.