Benchmark-based Study of CPU/GPU Power-Related Features through JAX and TensorFlow

Power management has become a crucial focus in the modern computing landscape, considering that {\em energy} is increasingly recognized as a critical resource. This increased the importance of all topics related to {\em energy-aware computing}. This paper presents an experimental study of three prevalent power management techniques that are {\em power limitation, frequency limitation}, and {\em ACPI/P-State governor modes} (OS states related to power consumption). Through a benchmark approach with a set of six computing kernels, we investigate {\em power/performance} trade-off with various hardware units and software frameworks (mainly TensorFlow and JAX). Our experimental results show that {\em frequency limitation} is the most effective technique to improve {\em Energy-Delay Product (EDP)}, which is a convolution of energy and running time. We also observe that running at the highest frequency compared to a reduced one could lead to a reduction of factor $\frac{1}{10}$ in EDP. Another noticeable fact is that frequency management shows a consistent behavior with different CPUs, whereas opposite effects sometimes occur between TensorFlow (TF) and JAX with the same power management settings.