Multi-dimensional evaluation on a rural integrated energy system including solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy

This study focuses on the novel municipal-scale rural integrated energy system (RIES), which encompasses energy supply and application. By constructing a seven-dimensional evaluation system including energy efficiency, energy supply, low-carbon sustainability, environmental impact, energy economy, social benefits, and integrated energy system development, this research combines the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) by sum of squares of deviations to balance expert experience and data objectivity. Furthermore, the cloud model is introduced to handle the fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation. This method can quantify the differences in system performance before and after the planning implementation. The results indicate that after planning, the comprehensive score has increased from 83.12 to 87.55, the entropy value has decreased from 6.931 to 5.336, indicating enhanced system stability. The hyper-entropy has dropped from 3.08 to 2.278, reflecting a reduction in uncertainty. The research findings provide a scientific basis for the planning optimization, policy-making, and sustainable development of rural integrated energy systems, possessing both theoretical innovation and practical guiding value.