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CP4SBI: Local Conformal Calibration of Credible Sets in Simulation-Based Inference

Published: August 23, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2508.17077v1

By: Luben M. C. Cabezas , Vagner S. Santos , Thiago R. Ramos and more

Potential Business Impact:

Makes computer guesses about science more trustworthy.

Business Areas:
Simulation Software

Current experimental scientists have been increasingly relying on simulation-based inference (SBI) to invert complex non-linear models with intractable likelihoods. However, posterior approximations obtained with SBI are often miscalibrated, causing credible regions to undercover true parameters. We develop $\texttt{CP4SBI}$, a model-agnostic conformal calibration framework that constructs credible sets with local Bayesian coverage. Our two proposed variants, namely local calibration via regression trees and CDF-based calibration, enable finite-sample local coverage guarantees for any scoring function, including HPD, symmetric, and quantile-based regions. Experiments on widely used SBI benchmarks demonstrate that our approach improves the quality of uncertainty quantification for neural posterior estimators using both normalizing flows and score-diffusion modeling.

Page Count
29 pages

Category
Statistics:
Machine Learning (Stat)