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Research Challenges in Relational Database Management Systems for LLM Queries

Published: August 28, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2508.20912v1

By: Kerem Akillioglu , Anurag Chakraborty , Sairaj Voruganti and more

Potential Business Impact:

Makes computer databases understand and use smart language.

Business Areas:
Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Software

Large language models (LLMs) have become essential for applications such as text summarization, sentiment analysis, and automated question-answering. Recently, LLMs have also been integrated into relational database management systems to enhance querying and support advanced data processing. Companies such as Amazon, Databricks, Google, and Snowflake offer LLM invocation directly within SQL, denoted as LLM queries, to boost data insights. However, open-source solutions currently have limited functionality and poor performance. In this work, we present an early exploration of two open-source systems and one enterprise platform, using five representative queries to expose functional, performance, and scalability limits in today's SQL-invoked LLM integrations. We identify three main issues: enforcing structured outputs, optimizing resource utilization, and improving query planning. We implemented initial solutions and observed improvements in accommodating LLM powered SQL queries. These early gains demonstrate that tighter integration of LLM+DBMS is the key to scalable and efficient processing of LLM queries.

Country of Origin
🇨🇦 Canada

Page Count
8 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Databases