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An Economy of AI Agents

Published: September 1, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2509.01063v1

By: Gillian K. Hadfield, Andrew Koh

BigTech Affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Johns Hopkins University

Potential Business Impact:

AI plans and does jobs with little human help.

Business Areas:
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Science and Engineering, Software

In the coming decade, artificially intelligent agents with the ability to plan and execute complex tasks over long time horizons with little direct oversight from humans may be deployed across the economy. This chapter surveys recent developments and highlights open questions for economists around how AI agents might interact with humans and with each other, shape markets and organizations, and what institutions might be required for well-functioning markets.

Country of Origin
🇺🇸 United States

Page Count
18 pages

Category
Economics:
General Economics