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Examining I2P Resilience: Effect of Centrality-based Attack

Published: September 23, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2509.18572v1

By: Kemi Akanbi , Sunkanmi Oluwadare , Jess Kropczynski and more

Potential Business Impact:

Makes secret internet connections easier to break.

Business Areas:
Penetration Testing Information Technology, Privacy and Security

This study examines the robustness of I2P, a well-regarded anonymous and decentralized peer-to-peer network designed to ensure anonymity, confidentiality, and circumvention of censorship. Unlike its more widely researched counterpart, TOR, I2P's resilience has received less scholarly attention. Employing network analysis, this research evaluates I2P's susceptibility to adversarial percolation. By utilizing the degree centrality as a measure of nodes' influence in the network, the finding suggests the network is vulnerable to targeted disruptions. Before percolation, the network exhibited a density of 0.01065443 and an average path length of 6.842194. At the end of the percolation process, the density decreased by approximately 10%, and the average path length increased by 33%, indicating a decline in efficiency and connectivity. These results highlight that even decentralized networks, such as I2P, exhibit structural fragility under targeted attacks, emphasizing the need for improved design strategies to enhance resilience against adversarial disruptions.

Page Count
10 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Cryptography and Security