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Do LLMs Encode Frame Semantics? Evidence from Frame Identification

Published: September 23, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2509.19540v1

By: Jayanth Krishna Chundru , Rudrashis Poddar , Jie Cao and more

Potential Business Impact:

Computers understand word meanings like people do.

Business Areas:
Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Software

We investigate whether large language models encode latent knowledge of frame semantics, focusing on frame identification, a core challenge in frame semantic parsing that involves selecting the appropriate semantic frame for a target word in context. Using the FrameNet lexical resource, we evaluate models under prompt-based inference and observe that they can perform frame identification effectively even without explicit supervision. To assess the impact of task-specific training, we fine-tune the model on FrameNet data, which substantially improves in-domain accuracy while generalizing well to out-of-domain benchmarks. Further analysis shows that the models can generate semantically coherent frame definitions, highlighting the model's internalized understanding of frame semantics.

Country of Origin
🇺🇸 United States

Repos / Data Links

Page Count
13 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Computation and Language