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Net-Zero 6G from Earth to Orbit: Sustainable Design of Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Published: October 1, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2510.00678v1

By: Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Malik Muhammad Saad , Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin and more

BigTech Affiliations: Stanford University

Potential Business Impact:

Makes internet work everywhere, using less power.

Business Areas:
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Information Technology

The integration of Terrestrial Networks (TN) and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) plays a crucial role in bridging the digital divide and enabling Sixth Generation (6G) and beyond to achieve truly ubiquitous connectivity. However, combining TN and NTN introduces significant energy challenges due to the diverse characteristics and operational environments of these systems. In this paper, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of the design challenges associated with achieving Net-Zero energy targets in integrated TN and NTN systems. We outline a set of key enabling technologies that can support the energy demands of such networks while aligning with Net-Zero objectives. To enhance the Energy Efficiency (EE) of integrated TN and NTN systems, we provide a use case analysis that leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) to deliver adaptable solutions across diverse deployment scenarios. Finally, we highlight promising research directions that can guide the sustainable evolution of integrated TN and NTN.

Country of Origin
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ Canada, United States

Page Count
9 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing