Efficient Estimation of the Complier General Causal Effect in Randomized Controlled Trials with One-Sided Noncompliance

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing the causal effect of a treatment or intervention, assuming perfect implementation. In practice, however, randomization can be compromised for various reasons, such as one-sided noncompliance. In this paper, we address the issue of one-sided noncompliance and propose a general estimand, the complier general causal effect (CGCE), to characterize the causal effect among compliers. We further investigate the conditions under which efficient estimation of the CGCE can be achieved under minimal assumptions. Comprehensive simulation studies and a real data application are conducted to illustrate the proposed methods and to compare them with existing approaches.