A dual typology of social media interventions and deterrence mechanisms against misinformation

In response to the escalating threat of misinformation, social media platforms have introduced a wide range of interventions aimed at reducing the spread and influence of false information. However, there is a lack of a coherent macrolevel perspective that explains how these interventions operate independently and collectively. To address this gap, I offer a dual typology through a spectrum of interventions aligned with deterrence theory and drawing parallels from international relations, military, cybersecurity, and public health. I argue that five major types of platform interventions, including removal, reduction, informing, composite, and multimodal, can be mapped to five corresponding deterrence mechanisms, including hard, situational, soft, integrated, and mixed deterrence based on purpose and perceptibility. These mappings illuminate how platforms apply varying degrees of deterrence mechanisms to influence user behavior.