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Large Language Models for Control

Published: November 1, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2511.00337v1

By: Adil Rasheed, Oscar Ravik, Omer San

Potential Business Impact:

Lets computers control machines without engineers.

Business Areas:
Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Software

This paper investigates using large language models (LLMs) to generate control actions directly, without requiring control-engineering expertise or hand-tuned algorithms. We implement several variants: (i) prompt-only, (ii) tool-assisted with access to historical data, and (iii) prediction-assisted using learned or simple models to score candidate actions. We compare them on tracking accuracy and actuation effort, with and without a prompt that requests lower actuator usage. Results show prompt-only LLMs already produce viable control, while tool-augmented versions adapt better to changing objectives but can be more sensitive to constraints, supporting LLM-in-the-loop control for evolving cyber-physical systems today and operator and human inputs.

Country of Origin
🇳🇴 Norway

Page Count
8 pages

Category
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science:
Systems and Control