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Characterizing the Exponential-Space Hierarchy Via Partial Fixpoints

Published: November 4, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2511.02596v1

By: Florian Bruse, David Kronenberger, Martin Lange

Potential Business Impact:

Makes computers solve harder problems faster.

Business Areas:
A/B Testing Data and Analytics

The characterization of PSPACE-queries over ordered structures as exactly those expressible in first-order logic with partial fixpoints (Vardi'82) is one of the classical results in the field of descriptive complexity. In this paper, we extend this result to characterizations of k-EXPSPACE-queries for arbitrary k, characterizing them as exactly those expressible in order-k+1-higher-order logic with partial fixpoints. For k>1, the restriction to ordered structures is no longer necessary due to the high expressive power of higher-order logic.

Page Count
11 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Logic in Computer Science