Lightwave Power Transfer-Enabled Underwater Optical ISAC Systems under Ship Attitude Variation

In this paper, we propose a lightwave power transfer-enabled underwater optical integrated sensing and communication (O-ISAC) system, where an access point (AP) mounted on a seasurface ship transmits lightwave signals to two nodes, namely ($i$) a seabed sensor that harvests energy and transmits uplink information to the AP, and ($ii$) a sensing target whose position is estimated by the AP using an array of pinhole cameras. To capture practical deployment conditions, the ship attitude variation is modeled through its roll, pitch, and yaw angles, each following a Gaussian distribution under low-to-moderate sea states. Closed-form approximations are derived for the mean squared error (MSE) of target localization and the achievable uplink data rate. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate excellent agreement, validating the proposed models and derived expressions, while revealing the fundamental communication-sensing tradeoff in the O-ISAC system. The results further provide valuable design insights, including the optimal camera placement on the ship to minimize localization error, achieving a minimum MSE of $10^{-2}$ $\text{m}^2$ with multiple cameras under roll, pitch, and yaw angle variation of $10^{\circ}$, and the optimal harvest-use ratio of $0.55$ for the considered setup.