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Solving Heterogeneous Agent Models with Physics-informed Neural Networks

Published: November 25, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2511.20283v1

By: Marta Grzeskiewicz

Potential Business Impact:

Makes economic computer models faster and more accurate.

Business Areas:
Intelligent Systems Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Science and Engineering

Understanding household behaviour is essential for modelling macroeconomic dynamics and designing effective policy. While heterogeneous agent models offer a more realistic alternative to representative agent frameworks, their implementation poses significant computational challenges, particularly in continuous time. The Aiyagari-Bewley-Huggett (ABH) framework, recast as a system of partial differential equations, typically relies on grid-based solvers that suffer from the curse of dimensionality, high computational cost, and numerical inaccuracies. This paper introduces the ABH-PINN solver, an approach based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which embeds the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman and Kolmogorov Forward equations directly into the neural network training objective. By replacing grid-based approximation with mesh-free, differentiable function learning, the ABH-PINN solver benefits from the advantages of PINNs of improved scalability, smoother solutions, and computational efficiency. Preliminary results show that the PINN-based approach is able to obtain economically valid results matching the established finite-difference solvers.

Page Count
14 pages

Category
Economics:
General Economics