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TIM-PRM: Verifying multimodal reasoning with Tool-Integrated PRM

Published: November 28, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2511.22998v1

By: Peng Kuang , Xiangxiang Wang , Wentao Liu and more

Potential Business Impact:

Helps AI check its math answers using tools.

Business Areas:
Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Software

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performances in mathematical reasoning, yet they remain vulnerable to visual hallucinations and logical inconsistencies that standard outcome-based supervision fails to mitigate. While Process Reward Models (PRMs) promise step-by-step verification, current approaches typically operate as scalar scorers or generative critics that suffer from sycophancy, blindly validating the flawed hypotheses rather than grounding them in visual reality. To bridge this gap, we introduce TIM-PRM (Tool-Integrated Multimodal PRM), a novel agentic framework that transforms verification from a passive classification task into an active, tool-augmented investigation. TIM-PRM is trained to explicitly plan verification strategies and utilizes a mechanism of Independent Question Asking to query evidence via external tools, effectively decoupling verification from the reasoning context to eliminate confirmation bias. We instantiate this method by curating a high-quality dataset of tool-integrated verification trajectories. Extensive experiments on VisualProcessBench demonstrate that our 8B parameter model surpasses existing open-source multimodal PRMs, significantly outperforming much larger models like Qwen2.5-72B and InternVL-78B, while offering interpretable insights into the verification process.

Country of Origin
πŸ‡¨πŸ‡³ πŸ‡­πŸ‡° πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ China, United States, Hong Kong

Page Count
14 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Artificial Intelligence