Score: 0

From NLG Evaluation to Modern Student Assessment in the Era of ChatGPT: The Great Misalignment Problem and Pedagogical Multi-Factor Assessment (P-MFA)

Published: December 17, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2512.15183v1

By: Mika Hämäläinen, Kimmo Leiviskä

Potential Business Impact:

Helps teachers grade student writing fairly with AI.

Business Areas:
Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence, Data and Analytics, Software

This paper explores the growing epistemic parallel between NLG evaluation and grading of students in a Finnish University. We argue that both domains are experiencing a Great Misalignment Problem. As students increasingly use tools like ChatGPT to produce sophisticated outputs, traditional assessment methods that focus on final products rather than learning processes have lost their validity. To address this, we introduce the Pedagogical Multi-Factor Assessment (P-MFA) model, a process-based, multi-evidence framework inspired by the logic of multi-factor authentication.

Country of Origin
🇫🇮 Finland

Page Count
5 pages

Category
Computer Science:
Computation and Language