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Intrinsic and relative characterization results for logics with negative modalities

Published: December 17, 2025 | arXiv ID: 2512.15496v1

By: Jim de Groot, João Marcos, Rodrigo Stefanes

We introduce simulations for modal logics with subclassical negations and restoration modalities, establish an adequacy theorem, and prove intrinsic (Hennessy-Milner-type) and relative (Van Benthem-type) characterization results. These results identify each restorative language with the fragment of first-order logic invariant under its simulations and delineate the expressive profile of modal logics with non-classical negations.

Category
Mathematics:
Logic