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Higher order PCA-like rotation-invariant features for detailed shape descriptors modulo rotation

Published: January 6, 2026 | arXiv ID: 2601.03326v1

By: Jarek Duda

Potential Business Impact:

Helps computers recognize shapes no matter how they're turned.

Business Areas:
Image Recognition Data and Analytics, Software

PCA can be used for rotation invariant features, describing a shape with its $p_{ab}=E[(x_i-E[x_a])(x_b-E[x_b])]$ covariance matrix approximating shape by ellipsoid, allowing for rotation invariants like its traces of powers. However, real shapes are usually much more complicated, hence there is proposed its extension to e.g. $p_{abc}=E[(x_a-E[x_a])(x_b-E[x_b])(x_c-E[x_c])]$ order-3 or higher tensors describing central moments, or polynomial times Gaussian allowing decodable shape descriptors of arbitrarily high accuracy, and their analogous rotation invariants. Its practical applications could be rotation-invariant features to include shape modulo rotation e.g. for molecular shape descriptors, or for up to rotation object recognition in 2D images/3D scans, or shape similarity metric allowing their inexpensive comparison (modulo rotation) without costly optimization over rotations.

Page Count
4 pages

Category
Computer Science:
CV and Pattern Recognition